rough edges of Paul’s radical notions about sin, grace, faith, election, and judgment. The fact that Harnack himself saw only a ferment, not a basis, in this recurrent Paulinism perhaps says more about Harnack than it does about the writings of the apostle borne out of due time. It reflects Harnack’s own captivity to the historicizing and relativizing, and indeed the de-dogmatizing, of the Christian faith, an impetus stemming from Schleiermacher’s elevation of religious self-consciousness, rather